This study has some limitations, but it also provides directions for future research. First, the relationship between network location and MA expansion may be impacted by the ways in which businesses acquire important resources, maintain transactional relationships, and implement MA under various institutional settings. In order to compare the function of structural holes and supplier dependence under various institutional contexts and organizational conditions, future studies could make use of cross-border samples or investigate non-listed businesses in more detail.

This study has some limitations, but it also provides directions for future research. First, the relationship between network location and MA expansion may be impacted by the ways in which businesses acquire important resources, maintain transactional relationships, and implement MA under various institutional settings. In order to compare the function of structural holes and supplier dependence under various institutional contexts and organizational conditions, future studies could make use of cross-border samples or investigate non-listed businesses in more detail.